全球化與台灣都市發展(1986~2000):兼論對高雄市的影響

范錦明、劉麗蓉

摘要

由於台灣從1960年代以來，生產者即積極參與國際市場競爭。而且為了提昇競爭力，還一再調整產業結構與經營策略。同時政府部門也配合產業發展的需求，主動調整經濟政策。尤其1990年代以來，經濟全球化的潮流、資訊電子科技的進步、以及政府對人民赴中國大陸管制的放寬，更促使台灣的生產者展開全球佈局。這種轉變如何影響台灣的都市轉型？按照Van den Berg等人描述的都市成長階段？或是產生不同的成長模式？都是我們想要瞭解的疑惑。

所以本文主要目的在研究全球化對台灣都市發展型態的影響，因為我們想要分析生產者為何調整生產與投資策略以因應全球化衝擊？這些調整措施如何影響台灣的都市就業結構進而加速或減緩都市的發展。本文的主要發現可以使各都市行政和立法部門瞭解影響該都市發展趨勢的關鍵因素，作為今後雙方協調合作加速都市發展的基礎。貫穿本文的主要命題則是台灣的生產者為了適應全球化衝擊，會不斷調整生產地點與項目，結果影響台灣都市的就業結構，以及發展型態與速度。

Abstract

Since the 1960s when Taiwan’s producers began competing on global market, they have, in order to upgrade their competitive ability, continuously adjusted their industrial structure and management strategies. Governmental agencies also helped to coordinate the needs of industrial development by repeatedly altering their economic policies. Since the 1990s Taiwanese producers, impelled by the rise of globalization, advancements in information technology, and the liberalization of cross-strait travel and trade, began to launch multinational deployment programs. What effect has this kind of transformation had on the progress of Taiwan’s urban areas becoming global cities? How will this effect the evolution of Taiwan’s cities according to Van den Berg and other scholar’s theory of the stages of urbanization, and how will this change Taiwan’s position on the urbanization curve? This article will attempt to investigate these uncertainties. 

The main purpose of this article is to research the ways in which globalization has effected Taiwan’s urban development, and how these changes have forced producers to adjust their production and investment strategies in the face of this continuing trend. Further, how these adjustments have affected Taiwan’s urban employment structure and its relation to the pace of urbanization. The main findings of this article can help city executive and legislative bodies better understand the key elements of urban development trends, and can serve as a foundation for future cross-strait cooperation in enhancing urban development. The main argument proposed in this article is that in order to adjust to the impact of globalization, Taiwan’s producers will have to continually adjust their production location and product items, resulting in a considerable impact on Taiwan’s urban employment structure, and the type and speed of its urban development.