聯合國體系內NGO角色與參與機會變遷之分析：新制度主義的觀點

辛翠玲

摘            要

  本文從NGO在聯合國體系內的地位談起，發現在過去數十年間，NGO被聯合國接納的程度大為提高，從其參與聯合國各部門的協商到出席聯合國所主辦的各種會議，想在聯合國發聲的NGO非但不如早期般不得其門而入，其存在甚至逐漸被聯合國所重視，一種伙伴關係看似隱然形成。對於這種變化，本文認為並非偶然，也非單純的國際權力理論或公民社會力量所能解釋。本文假新制度主義的觀點闡釋此現象。本文從國際合作的困難與挑戰論述國家的難處與需要談起，認為NGO有能力提供國際合作所需之公共財，故此，聯合國體系的國家成員對於接納NGO的意願大幅提高。NGO在此扮演類似國際建制般穩定國際合作的功能性角色。新制度主義的論點也提醒了想要在聯合國一搏的NGO，以實力作為切入點，才是其爭取進入聯合國門票的最佳利器。然而NGO畢竟與國際建制不同，假若國際建制的存在是長期的，NGO在聯合國中的地位與發言機會卻是可消失的。雖然這種變化中存有許多不可抗拒的外在因素，但是亦與NGO本身是否真能稱職供給UN所需有密切的關係。

 關鍵字 NGO  聯合國  新制度主義 
       國際建制  主權國家

Abstract

This paper surveys the NGO participation history within the UN system and discovers that the role of NGO has experienced tremendous change during the last half century as the UN began to incorporate NGO into its decision-making process. Neoliberal institutionalism is adopted to explain this newly growing partnership between NGO and the UN. It is argued that the role of NGO as information provider, monitor and assignment assistant contributes to the operation of UN programme, which may otherwise more often be jeopardized due to member state’s insufficient willingness to cooperate. NGO hereby offers similar function international regime usually does. It helps to reduce the uncertainty during international cooperation. NGO, however is non counterpart to international regime, and may decline in terms of its status in the UN, supposed NGO could no longer provide qualified service to the UN and its member states.