馬克思主義國際關係理論之演進研究 

曾怡仁

摘            要

   國際關係理論研究一直為兩大主流學派，（新）現實主義與（新）自由主義所支配，而馬克思主義傳統是被忽略甚至排斥的，這要到一九八○年代以後，興起所謂的第三次國際關係研究大辯論時（及實證主義與后實證主義之間），才被主流的國關學者接納並展開對話。事實上，第一次國關理論大辯論時，馬克思主義的帝國主義理論已經就第一次世界大戰的興起原因及如何重建戰後世界秩序等問題，提出與當時主流的理想主義或現實主義不同的觀點。而第二次大辯論的七○、八○年代，新馬克思主義依賴學派也已經就南北關係提出批判的觀點，可以補充主流的新現實主義或新自由主義主要是針對東西關係或北北關係進行討論的不足。

基於此，本文認為馬克思主義應該可以和主流理論作更深入的對話，以豐富國關理論的研究，而首要之務即是掌握馬克思主義傳統的沿革。本文主要目的即是有系統的介紹與分析馬克思主義國關理論的不同發展階段，包括馬、列的思想遺產－殖民主義與帝國主義理論；新馬克思主義的依賴理論與世界體系論；以及近來發展的新葛蘭西學派、歷史社會學派和后馬克思主義的批判國關理論等等。當然，馬克思主義國關理論是一非常龐雜的思想體系，本研究特別將焦點放在此些不同發展階段有關國家、市場、國際國家體系與世界資本主義分工體系之間關係的不同立場，進行比較。

 關鍵字 馬克思主義  國家自主性 

        世界資本主義體系

Abstract

Realist and liberal theories have dominated the study of international relations since the beginning of the twentieth century. In comparison, the Marxist approach has been ignored or excluded by mainstream theorists for a very long time. It was not until the second half of 1980s had both sides dialogued with each other. In fact, Marxist approach could contribute a lot to the international relations study. For example, Marxist colonialism and imperialism had raised different viewpoints from Realist or Idealist thoughts about what factor caused the occurrence of First World War and how to rebuild the world order after war. Again, in the 1970s and 1980s the Dependency School had provided a critical study about the north-south relationships. This could supplement insufficiencies of neo-Realist and neo-Liberal theories which focused their attentions on east-west and north-north relationships respectively.

Accordingly, the main purpose of this article is to introduce and analyze the evolution of Marxist international relations theories including Colonialism、Imperialism、Dependency Theory、World-System Theory、neo-Gramscian Theory、Historical-Sociology School and post-Marxist theory of international relations. Specifically, this article will compare different opinions of these various theories on the relations among the state、market、international state system and world capitalist system。