北大西洋公約組織功能之變遷

王群洋

摘            要

    北大西洋公約組織在冷戰結束後，為因應東歐國家在民主化過程中產生的各種問題對歐洲安全所造成之威脅，而將戰略目標調整為建構歐洲與大西洋地區「合作安全」體系。為解決各項安全威脅及建構「合作安全」體系，北大西洋公約組織在既有之集體防禦的核心功能之外，增加危機處理與維持和平之新功能。為有效發揮功能北大西洋公約組織建構「歐洲安全與防禦認同」機制，並成立「盟國聯合特遣部隊」以提升軍力。北大西洋公約組織會員國間對於使用武力執行危機處理與維持和平之新功能時，是否需要聯合國安全理事會授權及執行任務地區有不同意見，「舊歐洲」更是反對美國以反恐之名進行「先制攻擊」。會員國間意見之相左，卻不至於影響建構歐洲與大西洋地區「合作安全」體系之進程。

 關鍵字 集體防禦  維持和平  合作安全戰略  歐洲安全與防禦認同

Abstract

In the process of democratization East European countries confront many serious political, economic, social problems, which destabilize European security. In order to solve this new challenges and build peace of Europe as a whole, NATO decided to enlarge its function from collective defense to crisis management and peace-keeping on the basis of “cooperative security” strategy. For implementation of new functions NATO establishes “European Security and Defense Identity” with “Combined Joint Task Forces”, which is controlled by West European Union.  For counter terrorism after “9/11” the Alliance has different opinions on the use of force for peace-keeping and on the area, where the peace-keeping activities can be due operated. Despite the different opinions the process of building the transatlantic “cooperative security” system is still on move.

Keywords: collective defense, peace-keeping, cooperative security strategy, European Security and Defense Identity