中國與歐盟外交關係之互動研究
─多極體系理論與互賴理論之詮釋

周世雄  施介惠

摘            要

    二十一世紀的國際現勢，正處於體系交接的熱鬧卡位戰之中。美國在冷戰時期，甚至到冷戰結束之後的二十世紀末，都仍是不言而喻的超級強權。但隨著各國互動不斷增加，文化、社會、經濟全球化的成形，政治事務與政治權力也無法避免的有所變動與更迭。最顯著的例子來自歐洲，由「歐洲共同體」到現今已完成經濟領域貨幣整合的「歐洲聯盟」，不但在經濟部分共同合作，更因人員互動益加頻繁、商業貿易往來密切等種種因素，目前正朝向政治統合的高階目標而邁進。除了西方世界的歐盟，東方另一亮眼的力量出現─中國的崛起，自開放市場以來，中國積極參與國際事務，在世界的影響力日趨強大。無論對歐盟國家、中國、甚至日本、俄羅斯等，都不想再僅屈居於美國的麾翼之下，均想在國際權力由單極轉換之際，取得一絕佳位置，以使國家生存無虞之外，更將國家利益、權力推往高峰。此一態勢，除了說明多極體系的即將來到，國際互動關係已非最常用來解釋的現實主義可以完全涵蓋。本文即以多極體系理論和互賴理論來闡述與研究未來強權之中的中國與歐盟的外交關係，由低階政治的社經文方面的互動，繼向雙方現今朝政治外交上的戰略合作來探討，根據實際成果及中歐間未來規劃方向等，加以分析詮釋之。

 關鍵字 國際體系多極體系 互賴理論 中國─歐盟關係

Abstract

In the 21st century, international system has been ungoing rapid change in which every nation state intends to get better position to compete with other actors. It is no doubt that the United States reminded as a superpower during the Cold War era, even its position was secured until the end of Cold War. However, due to economic globalization and continous increase of cultural and social exchanges, states become more interdependent. Therefore, power politics and political powers had been forced to change. The most prominent case came from the European Union where the cross-nation cooperation reached not only in the area of economic and commerce, but also the interaction was heading towards higher level of political integration. The EU’ s political power together with China’ s influence, as well as Russia and Japan, will take the leading role in the global politics and balance off what was the U.S. long-defined international system. The strong powers as mentioned welcome and appreciate a multipolar system that helps to secure nation’ s survival and interests, bringing nation’ s power to the peak. This paper examines the foreign relations between China and the EU in light of multipolar system and interdependent theories. In doing so, the paper will also explore how the two strong actors interact from lower politics to higher politics such as political, strategic dialogue and cooperation.

Keywords: International system, multipolar system, Interdependent theory, China-EU relations