非政府組織與國際發展合作：

建構台灣援外的新框架

林德昌

摘            要

    回顧過去數十年來，儘管我國援外業務的推展受到許多主客觀環境的限制，進而導致實際成效不彰；但從國際政治經濟的觀點、對外經援的本質、我國的試圖重返國際社會，以及兩岸敵對狀態等層面來看，我國的對外經濟援助仍有其存在之必要性。因此，如何思考藉由經援工作的推展，加強對第三世界國家的援助，並擴大國際社會的生存空間，與結合國際社會的主流價值，但卻又不易引起北京強烈的外交打壓，遂成為政府與民間所必須共同思考的重要課題。據此，本文主要欲探討在國內和國際環境的變遷下，我國的援外政策應如何進行調整與修正，俾適合實際上的需要與應用。就理論層面而言，傳統發展理論的重新詮釋與界定，以及對「以人為中心」發展精神的重視，遂導致傳統雙邊政府發展援助之內涵，受到相當大的衝擊。國際發展合作與合作夥伴新概念的出現，以及非政府組織所扮演的角色日益重要，遂使得台灣的援外政策進入了轉型的階段。

  關鍵字  國際發展合作  非政府組織  援外政策

Abstract

For the last several decades, with the constraints of some internal and external contexts, Taiwan's foreign aid policy has encountered its difficulties in providing economic assistance towards developing countries. However, in order to return to the international community and to compete with Beijing diplomatically, Taiwan still needs to utilize foreign aid as a means to pursue its foreign policy goals. Nevertheless, the appearance of the concept of international development and cooperation in the 1990s has made Taiwan's foreign aid policy enter a period of transformation. Traditional official development assistance emphasized the aid transaction between the donor and the recipient's government. International development and cooperation highlights the important role of non-governmental organizations in conducting international relief and development, and the cooperation between the donor and the recipient's society, which thus indicates the communication among grass root. The transformation of the aid framework internationally, in conclusion, forces Taiwan's foreign aid policy to be transformed accordingly.

Keywords: international development and cooperation, non-governmental organization, foreign aid policy