歐盟對外關係發展之
總體框架與行為模式之探討

朱景鵬

摘            要

  歐洲聯盟執行委員會於1997年公佈其2000年議程，企圖建構一個更為堅實強大之歐洲政經實體，強調將增加對國際事務之參與，包括和平與安全之鞏固、民主與人權價值之促進、對開發中及低度開發國家提供援助、防禦其社會發展模式並建立其對世界市場之影響力。據此，歐盟將逐漸以集體行動之模式發展其對外關係，並展現其成為一個遂行對外政策的全球性行為者之角色。尤其是自東西衝突結束之後，歐盟即定位其乃跨國性與跨區域性的國際行為者，積極促進區域間的多邊合作計畫，包括東協、亞歐高峰會議、南錐共同市場、非加太國家、里約集團國家等，以及合作性多邊主義模式維持其對國際社會之影響力，同時以夥伴關係結構建立多層級之合作框架，包括雙邊之歐盟與日本、俄羅斯、美國、中共，乃至於對地中海地區國家、對歐洲安全合作組織、對世貿組織之互動夥伴網絡體系等。基本上，歐盟的對外關係之發展模式與行為機制主要以「三籃模式」推動，即包括經濟、財政關係結構、安全政治關係結構以及社會文化關係結構。

  本研究試圖以上述模式為分析基礎，藉此研究建立歐盟對外關係的總體框架，以區域內（例歐盟對波羅的海三小國等）、區域間（例歐盟對拉丁美洲、對非加太地區、對亞洲地區）以及雙、多邊性（例歐盟與國際組織以及歐盟與日本、美國、中共等）作為論證對象，期以建構歐盟對外關係之全貌。

關鍵字  歐洲聯盟  多邊關係  對外關係  國際體系互賴

Abstract

  European Comission in its 1997 publication, Agenda 2000: For a stronger and wider Europe, proposes the European Union's ambitious goals for increasing its political economic influence in world affairs, promote values such as peace and security , democracy and human right, provide financial and technical assistance for the developing and the less developed countries, defend its social model and establish its presence on the world market. Thus, the Eu will take collective action model gradually to develop its external relations and the Commission expresses certainty that the EU is a global actor of increasing significance in a range of policy areas. Especially, after the end of East-West Conflict, the EU has defined its role as a global actor for transnational and the cross-regional interdependence. The EU use a pluralist approach (for ASEAN, ASEM, Mercosur, ACP countries, the Rio-Groups etc.) and the cooperative multilateralism to strengthen its international influence and establish multi-level cooperation partnership relation structure (for example bilateral with USA, Japan, Russia and China; multilateral with MNC, OSCE and WTO etc…) Basically, the EU's external relation based on the so-called “Drei-Koerbe Modell”, including the economic, financial, the security and political, and the social-cultural relation structures. This study attempts use this model for establishing the general framework of the EU's external relation, including the regional framework (EU with the Baltic states as example), the inter-regional framework(EU with Latin American, ACP countries, and the Asia regions etc…) and the bilateral and multilateral framework(EU with international Organizations, with Japan, USA and China etc…)

Keywords: European Union; Multilateralism; Pluralist approach; External Relations; Interdependence and System