90學年度 政治學研究所博士班〔政治學方法論〕考題
一、臺灣的選民投票行為研究,有採個體資料分析與總體資料分析的兩種研究設計,試分別列舉一個例子,說明此兩種研究設計的重要內容及其研究發現?25﹪
二、翻譯 (10﹪)並論述 (15﹪) 下列一段文字:
While political methodologists have still 〝done nothing remotely comparable〞to
the invention of factor analysis by psychometricians or structural equation methods
by econometricians…, they have invented, adopted, or further developed an impressive
variety of useful techniques for dealing with event counts…, dimensional models…,
pseudo-panels…, model misspecification…,parameter variation…, aggregated date…,
selection bias …, non-random measurement error …, missing date…, and time series
date…(Bartels and Brandy 1993:121)…出自 Goodin and Klingemann ed, A New Handbook,
p.788.
三、當前社會科學方法論中爭辯的焦點之一,是分析層次(level of analysis)應是自個體由下往上(bottom-up),還是從整體由上而下(top-down)的問題。
1、請說明方法論上之個體論(methodological individualism) 的觀點為何?
10﹪
2、請說明政治學中的「新制度」(the new institutionalism)(例如James G March and Johan P. Olsen)1984
年發表於APSR的論文)對這個問題的觀點為何?你覺得新制度論的觀點是否能對複雜的政治過程提供新的視野?為什麼?15﹪
四、Gabriel A. Almond (1996) 曾審視政治學發展的歷史,認為政治學間具有科學及人文的成分,但他堅持:
"The essential object of political science, which it shares with all of
scholarship, is the creation of knowledge, defined as inferences or generalizations
about politics drawn from evidence.. It is impossible to conceive of a scholarly
enterprise that does not rely on this evidence-inference methodological core
"
請問你覺得Almond堅持的「底線」,只是重蹈邏輯實證論一元、絕對的科
學哲學之覆轍,還是個既能兼容並蓄、又可避免極端相對主義的折衷之論?申論之。25﹪